1914–1996. Graphic designer, art director, book designer, children’s book author, and design educator. A second-generation Jewish American, he studied at Pratt Institute and Parsons School of Design. Beginning with media promotion and magazine cover design, he expanded into roles as an art director for advertising agencies and worked extensively in packaging, book illustration, typography, and corporate branding. He designed logos for major companies including IBM, ABC, UPS, and NeXT. A dedicated educator, he taught at institutions such as Pratt Institute, Cooper Union, Yale University, Tama Art University in Japan, the Philadelphia Museum School of Art, and New York University. His accolades include being named one of the top 10 art directors by the New York Art Directors Club and induction into its Hall of Fame, a gold medal from the American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA), the Royal Designer for Industry (RDI) Award from the Royal Society of Arts in the UK, and recognition from the Type Directors Club (TDC), among others. He is also the author of influential works such as A Designer’s Art, The Trademarks of Paul Rand, Design, Form, and Chaos, and From Lascaux to Brooklyn and Thoughts on Design.

홍익대학교 미술대학에서 시각 디자인을 전공했다. 로드아일랜드디자인스쿨에서 그래픽 디자인을 공부했고 성균관대학교에서 예술학 박사학위를 받았다. 쌍용그룹 홍보실, 삼성전자 해외 본부에서 그래픽 디자이너로 일했고 한양대학교 디자인대학, 삼성디자인학교(SADI), 삼성디자인연구원(IDS)에서 교수를 역임했다. 2016년 현재는 연세대학교 커뮤니케이션대학원과 연세대학교 언더우드국제대학 정보인터랙션디자인 전공 교수로 있다.