1914–1996. Graphic designer, art director, book designer, children’s book author, and design educator. A second-generation Jewish American, he studied at Pratt Institute and Parsons School of Design. Beginning with media promotion and magazine cover design, he expanded into roles as an art director for advertising agencies and worked extensively in packaging, book illustration, typography, and corporate branding. He designed logos for major companies including IBM, ABC, UPS, and NeXT. A dedicated educator, he taught at institutions such as Pratt Institute, Cooper Union, Yale University, Tama Art University in Japan, the Philadelphia Museum School of Art, and New York University. His accolades include being named one of the top 10 art directors by the New York Art Directors Club and induction into its Hall of Fame, a gold medal from the American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA), the Royal Designer for Industry (RDI) Award from the Royal Society of Arts in the UK, and recognition from the Type Directors Club (TDC), among others. He is also the author of influential works such as A Designer’s Art, The Trademarks of Paul Rand, Design, Form, and Chaos, and From Lascaux to Brooklyn and Thoughts on Design.

He majored in visual design at Hongik University College of Fine Arts. He studied graphic design at Rhode Island School of Design and received a Ph.D. in art from Sungkyunkwan University. He worked as a graphic designer at Ssangyong Group Public Relations Office and Samsung Electronics Overseas Headquarters, and was a professor at Hanyang University College of Design, Samsung Design Institute (SADI), and Samsung Design Research Institute (IDS). As of 2016, he is a professor of Information Interaction Design at Yonsei University Graduate School of Communication and Yonsei University Underwood International College.